This patent provides improvements to the original espresso machine patented in Italy in 1884, IT-330,256 and IT-340,381. The recipient of this current patent, Luigi Bezzera, had patented his invention in Italy, applied 1901-12-19 and granted in 1902. The assignee, Desiderio Pavoni, purchased the rights to that invention and established the company La Pavoni of Milan to manufacture the machine.