US Patent: 40,428 - Improvement in Plumb-Levels


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US Patent: 40,428

Improvement in Plumb-Levels

Patentees:

David D. Polleys (exact or similar names) - La Crosse, WI

William H. Polleys (exact or similar names) - La Crosse, WI

USPTO Classifications:

33/391

Tool Categories:

layout tools : levels : inclinometers

Assignees:

None

Manufacturer:

H. S. Tarr & Son - Philadelphia, PA

Witnesses:

F. Wilson

D. McMillan

Patent Dates:
Granted:	Oct. 27, 1863

Patent Pictures:

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Description:

This is a really interesting design for an inclinometer. It uses a fully enclosed wheel, with the hub of the wheel being graduated in degrees and weighted at 180 degrees. The level stock has a small window with a hairline in it to allow it to read the graduations on the wheel.

An example turned up on eBay in 2022. It is marked, "EXCELSIOR / DRY LEVEL / PATENTED OCT. 27, 1863 / NOV. 16, 1875". The latter patent date corresponds to patent 169,927. An 1875 issue of Journal of the Franklin Institute lists this level as manufactured by H. S. Tarr & Son, Philadelphia. Henry S. Tarr was the inventor on that latter patent.