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US Patent: 40,428
Improvement in Plumb-Levels
Patentees:
David D. Polleys (exact or similar names) - La Crosse, WI
William H. Polleys (exact or similar names) - La Crosse, WI

USPTO Classifications:
33/391

Tool Categories:
layout tools : levels : inclinometers

Assignees:
None

Manufacturer:
H. S. Tarr & Son - Philadelphia, PA

Witnesses:
F. Wilson
D. McMillan

Patent Dates:
Granted: Oct. 27, 1863

Patent Pictures:
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Report data errors or omissions to steward Ralph Brendler
Description:
This is a really interesting design for an inclinometer. It uses a fully enclosed wheel, with the hub of the wheel being graduated in degrees and weighted at 180 degrees. The level stock has a small window with a hairline in it to allow it to read the graduations on the wheel.

An example turned up on eBay in 2022. It is marked, "EXCELSIOR / DRY LEVEL / PATENTED OCT. 27, 1863 / NOV. 16, 1875". The latter patent date corresponds to patent 169,927. An 1875 issue of Journal of the Franklin Institute lists this level as manufactured by H. S. Tarr & Son, Philadelphia. Henry S. Tarr was the inventor on that latter patent.

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